The Xoloitzcuintli, also known as the Mexican Hairless Dog, is an ancient and intelligent breed cherished for its unique appearance, loyalty, and calm nature. This breed, which has been part of Mexican culture for over 3,000 years, was highly valued by the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Maya for its companionship, spiritual significance, and believed healing properties. The Xoloitzcuintli comes in three size varieties: toy, miniature, and standard, making it a versatile companion for different types of households. Xoloitzcuintlis have a lean, muscular build that reflects their agility and natural athleticism. The breed's most distinctive feature is its smooth, hairless skin, although a coated variety exists with a short, flat coat. The hairless type can come in various skin colors, including black, gray, slate, red, bronze, and liver, sometimes with small patches of hair on the head, feet, or tail. Their expressive, almond-shaped eyes and large, upright ears give them an alert and intelligent appearance. The temperament of the Xoloitzcuintli is known for being intelligent, loyal, and calm. They form deep bonds with their families and are affectionate, often described as being “Velcro dogs” due to their desire to stay close to their owners. While typically reserved with strangers, they are not aggressive and warm up as they become more comfortable. Their alertness and natural guarding instincts make them effective watchdogs. Early socialization and consistent training are essential for the breed to develop into confident and well-mannered adults. Xolos are intelligent and respond well to positive reinforcement, making training an enjoyable experience. Xoloitzcuintlis have moderate energy levels and require regular exercise to maintain their health and happiness. Daily walks, playtime, and activities that engage their minds, such as training exercises or interactive toys, help keep them mentally stimulated. They adapt well to indoor living but enjoy outdoor activities and benefit from time spent in a secure yard or on walks with their family. Grooming a hairless Xoloitzcuintli involves specific care to maintain healthy skin. Regular bathing with a gentle, non-irritating shampoo is necessary to keep their skin clean, and moisturizing may be needed to prevent dryness. Sunscreen is recommended when they spend extended time outdoors, as their skin can be sensitive to sun exposure. For the coated variety, occasional brushing is enough to keep their fur healthy. Routine ear cleaning, dental care, and nail trimming are also important for overall health. Xoloitzcuintlis have a lifespan of around 13 to 18 years and are generally healthy, though they can be prone to common health issues such as dental problems and skin conditions. Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and responsible breeding practices contribute to their well-being.