The Xoloitzcuintle, also known as the Xolo or Mexican Hairless Dog, is an ancient and intelligent breed known for its unique appearance, loyalty, and calm demeanor. This breed originated in Mexico and has a history that dates back over 3,000 years, revered by the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Maya for its spiritual significance and believed healing properties. Xolos were thought to ward off evil spirits and were often considered sacred, playing important roles in religious rituals and as companions. Xoloitzcuintles come in three sizes: toy, miniature, and standard, standing between 10 to 24 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing between 10 to 55 pounds, depending on the size category. They can be hairless or coated, with the hairless variety being the most well-known. The hairless Xolo has smooth, tough skin that may come in various colors, including black, slate, gray, red, or bronze. The coated variety has a short, flat coat. Both types often have a sleek, athletic build that highlights their agility and elegance. Their almond-shaped eyes and large, upright ears give them an alert and intelligent expression. The temperament of the Xoloitzcuintle is known for being intelligent, loyal, and calm. They form strong bonds with their families and are known to be protective yet gentle with those they love, making them excellent family companions. While typically reserved with strangers, Xolos are not aggressive and tend to be quiet and observant. Early socialization and consistent training help them grow into confident and well-mannered adults. They are intelligent and respond well to positive reinforcement, making training a rewarding experience. Xolos have moderate energy levels and require regular exercise to stay healthy and mentally stimulated. Daily walks, play sessions, and activities that challenge their intelligence, such as training exercises and interactive games, are ideal for keeping them engaged. They adapt well to different living environments, including apartments, as long as they receive sufficient exercise and companionship. Grooming a hairless Xoloitzcuintle is minimal but requires some special attention to maintain healthy skin. Regular bathing with a gentle, non-irritating shampoo helps keep their skin clean and free of buildup, and moisturizing may be needed to prevent dryness. Sunscreen is recommended when spending extended time outdoors, as their skin can be sensitive to the sun. The coated variety needs occasional brushing to keep their fur in good condition. Routine ear cleaning, dental care, and nail trimming are essential for both varieties. Xoloitzcuintles have a lifespan of around 13 to 18 years and are generally healthy. They are known to be resilient but can be prone to common small and medium dog health issues, such as dental concerns and skin conditions (for the hairless variety). Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and responsible breeding practices contribute to their well-being.