The Tornjak is a large, powerful, and intelligent breed known for its protective nature and loyalty. Originating from the mountainous regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, the Tornjak has been used for centuries as a livestock guardian dog, protecting flocks from predators like wolves and bears. The breed's courage, resilience, and devoted temperament have made it a valued companion and guardian for shepherds in its native regions. Tornjaks typically stand between 23 to 28 inches tall at the shoulder and can weigh between 70 to 110 pounds, with males being larger and more muscular. They have a robust, well-proportioned build that conveys strength and endurance. The breed’s thick, double coat is dense and weather-resistant, providing protection against harsh climates. Their coat can come in various colors, including white with black, brown, or red patches. Their dark, expressive eyes and alert, high-set ears contribute to their attentive and noble appearance. The temperament of the Tornjak is known for being loyal, intelligent, and calm. Tornjaks form strong bonds with their families and are especially protective, making them excellent guardians for both people and property. While they are affectionate and gentle with those they trust, they can be aloof or wary around strangers. Early socialization and consistent training are essential for this breed to ensure they grow into well-mannered and confident adults. Due to their intelligence and willingness to work, Tornjaks respond well to positive reinforcement training, although their independent nature may require patience and consistency from their owners. Tornjaks have moderate energy levels and need regular exercise to maintain their physical and mental health. Daily walks, playtime, and opportunities to roam in a secure outdoor space help keep them stimulated. Because of their strong guarding instincts, they thrive in environments where they have space to move and a sense of purpose, making them well-suited for homes with large yards or rural settings. Grooming a Tornjak involves regular attention to their thick double coat. Weekly brushing helps reduce shedding and prevent mats, with more frequent grooming needed during seasonal shedding periods. Routine ear cleaning, dental care, and nail trimming are also important for overall health. Their coat is naturally protective and should not be shaved, as it helps regulate their body temperature in both hot and cold weather. Tornjaks have a lifespan of around 12 to 14 years and are generally healthy but can be prone to certain health issues such as hip dysplasia and joint problems, common in large breeds. Regular veterinary checkups, responsible breeding practices, and a balanced diet contribute to their long-term health and well-being.