The Rafeiro do Alentejo, also known as the Alentejo Mastiff or Portuguese Mastiff, is a large, loyal, and protective breed with a long history as a guardian of livestock. Originating from the Alentejo region of Portugal, this breed was developed to safeguard flocks and property against predators and intruders. Today, the Rafeiro do Alentejo is admired for its courage, independence, and deep devotion to its family, making it a formidable guard dog and a loyal companion for those who can handle its strong, independent nature. Rafeiro do Alentejos typically stand between 25 to 29 inches tall and weigh between 75 to 110 pounds, with males being larger than females. They have a powerful, muscular build that reflects their strength and resilience. The breed’s coat is dense and straight, coming in various colors such as fawn, black, brindle, and wolf gray, often with white markings. Their broad head, expressive dark eyes, and medium-sized, drop ears contribute to their confident and vigilant expression. Known for their calm, courageous, and protective temperament, Rafeiro do Alentejos form strong bonds with their families and are especially devoted to their owners. They are naturally suspicious of strangers and make excellent watchdogs, using their deep bark to deter potential threats. While they are protective, they are not typically aggressive unless provoked or perceiving a genuine threat. Their calm demeanor makes them patient and gentle with children and other pets within the household, although supervision is recommended due to their size and strength. Training a Rafeiro do Alentejo requires experience, consistency, and patience due to their independent and sometimes stubborn nature. They are intelligent and capable of learning but need a firm and confident handler who can establish clear boundaries. Positive reinforcement techniques, such as praise and treats, are effective, but training should begin early to ensure they develop good behavior and social skills. Early socialization is particularly important for this breed to become well-adjusted and confident adults. Rafeiro do Alentejos have moderate energy levels and do not require excessive exercise. Daily walks and time spent in a secure yard are typically sufficient to meet their physical needs. However, they do appreciate having space to roam and patrol, which suits their natural guardian instincts. While they are not high-energy dogs, they need mental stimulation and interaction to prevent boredom and ensure balanced behavior. They are happiest in homes with access to a large, secure area where they can observe and protect their environment. Grooming a Rafeiro do Alentejo is relatively low-maintenance. Their dense, straight coat should be brushed weekly to remove loose hair and keep it looking healthy. During seasonal shedding periods, more frequent brushing may be needed to manage hair loss. Bathing should be done as necessary, and routine ear cleaning, dental care, and nail trimming are important to maintain overall health and hygiene. The Rafeiro do Alentejo is generally a healthy breed with a lifespan of around 10 to 12 years. However, like many large breeds, they can be prone to certain health issues such as hip dysplasia and bloat (gastric torsion). Regular veterinary checkups, responsible breeding practices, and a balanced diet are essential to ensuring their health and well-being.