The Irish Water Spaniel is a distinctive, intelligent, and versatile breed known for its curly coat, playful personality, and strong swimming abilities. As one of the oldest and rarest spaniel breeds, the Irish Water Spaniel has a rich history that dates back to 19th-century Ireland, where it was developed as a waterfowl retriever. Often recognized by its characteristic curly coat and "rat tail," the breed is valued for its hunting skills, intelligence, and loyal companionship. Irish Water Spaniels stand between 21 to 24 inches tall at the shoulder and typically weigh between 45 to 68 pounds. The breed’s most recognizable feature is its dense, curly coat, which is water-resistant and ranges from dark liver to rich brown. The curls extend across the body but are shorter and smoother on the face and tail. The breed’s tail, often referred to as a "rat tail," is long, smooth, and tapers to a point, which distinguishes it from other spaniel breeds. The Irish Water Spaniel’s long, graceful neck, expressive dark eyes, and dome-shaped head give it a unique and elegant appearance. Known for their playful, intelligent, and confident temperament, Irish Water Spaniels are highly energetic dogs that bond closely with their families. They are generally friendly with children and other pets, making them suitable companions for families. Although the breed is sociable, they can be somewhat reserved or cautious around strangers, which makes them good watchdogs. Their alert and curious nature drives them to explore and engage in various activities, especially those involving water. As a sporting breed, the Irish Water Spaniel has high energy levels and requires regular physical and mental exercise. They enjoy activities such as long walks, running, hiking, and especially swimming, given their strong affinity for water. The breed excels in dog sports like agility, obedience, and dock diving, where they can showcase their athleticism and intelligence. Due to their independent streak, training should begin early and involve consistent, positive reinforcement techniques. Grooming an Irish Water Spaniel involves regular maintenance of its dense, curly coat. Weekly brushing is essential to prevent mats and tangles, and occasional trimming may be needed to keep the coat neat and tidy. The breed’s coat sheds minimally, making it a suitable choice for some allergy sufferers. However, regular ear cleaning is crucial to prevent infections, given their long, hanging ears. Other grooming essentials include routine dental care and nail trimming to maintain overall health. The Irish Water Spaniel is generally a healthy breed with a lifespan of around 10 to 12 years. However, like all breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic conditions, such as hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and eye disorders. Regular veterinary checkups, responsible breeding practices, and a balanced diet are key to maintaining their health and ensuring a long, active life.