The Estrela Mountain Dog, also known as Cão da Serra da Estrela, is a large, powerful breed known for its courage, intelligence, and unwavering loyalty. Originating in the Estrela Mountains of Portugal, this breed was developed centuries ago to protect livestock from predators such as wolves and bears. One of Portugal’s oldest breeds, the Estrela Mountain Dog is still prized for its guarding abilities and is cherished as a devoted family protector. Standing between 24 to 30 inches tall and weighing between 66 to 132 pounds, the Estrela Mountain Dog is characterized by its sturdy build, expressive eyes, and dense double coat. The breed comes in two coat types: long and short. Both varieties have thick, weather-resistant coats that can be found in shades of fawn, brindle, or wolf gray, often with a black mask. Their large, expressive eyes and dignified stance give them an alert and commanding presence, reflecting their natural confidence and watchfulness. Estrela Mountain Dogs are known for their protective, loyal, and intelligent nature. They form strong bonds with their families and are particularly devoted to their owners, making them exceptional guardians. Despite their protective instincts, Estrelas are typically gentle and patient with children and other pets, especially when raised with them from an early age. They are known to be cautious and reserved with strangers, making them reliable watchdogs. However, their protective nature requires early socialization and consistent training to help them differentiate between genuine threats and non-threatening situations. Daily life with an Estrela Mountain Dog involves moderate exercise and mental stimulation. Although these dogs are not excessively high-energy, they benefit from daily walks, playtime, and activities that challenge their minds. Estrelas are intelligent and independent, which means training should be consistent, firm, and based on positive reinforcement. Due to their guarding instincts, they do best with experienced dog owners who understand their natural tendencies. Caring for an Estrela Mountain Dog includes regular grooming to maintain their dense coat. Brushing several times a week helps prevent mats and tangles, especially in long-coated individuals. During seasonal shedding periods, more frequent brushing may be necessary to manage loose hair. Routine ear cleaning, dental care, and nail trimming are essential to their grooming routine. A balanced diet suited to their size and activity level helps maintain their muscular build and overall health. The Estrela Mountain Dog is generally a healthy breed but, like all large breeds, can be prone to certain genetic conditions such as hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia. Regular veterinary checkups and responsible breeding practices are crucial to managing these risks and ensuring a long, healthy life.